10^th International Conference on Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology November 21- 23, 2016 Dubai, UAE

Biography:

Pepin Williams Atipo Tsiba has completed his PhD from Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville and Post-doctoral study in Switzerland. He has obtained the Federal Ophthalmology title from the Swiss Medical Federation (FMH) and the FEBO (Fellow European Board of Ophthalmology) title in 2005. He is an Assistant Professor in Ophthalmology at Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville. He is the Head of Ophthalmology Department at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. He has published over 20 articles in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Onchocerciasis is a dermal oculocutaneous filariasis caused by Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of a black fly called Simulium. Transmission is by the blood-sucking female insect. This female insect becomes infected by biting a sick man and then infects a healthy person by another bite. Geographic distribution of onchocerciasis includes tropical Africa, the corresponding region of South America and Central America and Yemen. The adult worm is hosted in subcutaneous nodules where it can live about 10 years, during which the female releases millions of embryos. Those will give life to free microfilariae (Onchocerca volvulus) attracted by the light, which migrating from the dermis to the eye and induce damages responsible of the “river blindness”. The general signs begin around 1 year after the infecting bite and are all the more affirmed that contamination is repetitive; river blindness is a cumulative parasitosis. The general syndrome includes headache, asthenia; weight loss and kidney damage. The cutaneous syndrome is characteristic and dominated by the following signs: pruritus (filarial scabies), lymphoedema, skin pigmentation and subcutaneous nodules (onchocerciasis nodule) harboring the adult heartworms. Ocular disorders are observed in about 70% of people living in endemic areas. They are severe in case of immunosuppression. These ocular manifestations are proportional to rate of microfilariae in the body, and are mainly represented by keratitis and chorioretinitis.

Biography:

Talal Althomali is an Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and the Vice Dean of Hospital Affairs at Taif University and a Consultant Physician of Pediatric Ophthalmology at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh and King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital, Tertiary and Referral Center in the Western Region, Saudi Arabia. With outstanding educational and research activities, he has excellent experience in surgeries. He is active member of numerous ophthalmology organizations. Actively participated in many ophthalmology meetings including American academy meeting 2014, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons 2014, European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeon 2008-2015, World Congress of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2012 & 2015 and International Ophthalmology Congress 2014, where some of his research was selected to be amongst the top studies.

Abstract:

At present, laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most commonly performed refractive surgery worldwide. Creation of a hinged flap of a desirable size, thickness and smoothness using a micro-keratome or femto-second laser is a crucial step in LASIK that can affect not only the predictability but also the safety of the procedure. However, flap dimensions can vary considerably, not only between the various micro-keratomes but also with the same micro-keratome as a result of differing patient characteristics. It is, therefore, important to study the consistency and predictability of corneal flap thickness with the available micro-keratomes. Flap thickness, along with ablation depth and preoperative corneal thickness, determines the thickness of the residual stromal bed (RSB), which has been implicated in the development of iatrogenic keratectasia after LASIK. For example, a corneal flap that is thicker than intended may result in reduced RSB thickness, weakening the biomechanical strength of the cornea. In addition, flap thickness has been linked to a variety of postoperative complications, such as epithelial in growth, flap dislocation, striae, irregular astigmatism and corneal opacities, potentially reducing the success rate of LASIK. It is therefore important to accurately predict the achievable flap thickness for a given intended flap thickness. Several studies have assessed the correlations between preoperative variables and corneal flap thickness in LASIK; subsequently, micro-keratome design and technique modifications have helped minimize the variability in the flap and therefore the incidence of flap complications. In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward the use of sub-Bowman keratomileusis (SBK); that is, thin-flap LASIK with an intended flap thickness of less than 100 µm. Sub-Bowman keratomileusis is a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of surface ablation with those of lamellar approaches. Compared with a conventional (thicker) flap, an intended regular thin flap of less than 100 µm leaves a thicker RSB, thereby preserving biomechanical strength and potentially decreasing the risk for corneal ectasia. In addition, refractive and visual outcomes of SBK have been found to be comparable to or better than those of standard LASIK in terms of faster visual recovery, better predictability, better contrast sensitivity, and a lower rate of enhancements. Even though some studies have documented the refractive and visual outcomes of femto-second laser–assisted and micro-keratome-assisted SBK (thin-flap LASIK with intended flap thickness ≤110 µm), to our knowledge there is a paucity of literature on the safety and predictability of SBK micro-keratomes. Furthermore, despite the emergence of femtosecond laser–assisted flap creation, mechanical micro-keratomes remain the preferred choice or the only available option in the majority of developing countries. Therefore, the current study was designed to examine the predictability of flap thickness using an SBK mechanical micro-keratome and to identify factors that may be related to variations in flap thickness in SBK procedures. Patients with a stable refraction for 1 year, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of at least 20/20 in each eye and minimum central corneal thickness of 480 µm in each eye had microkeratome-assisted SBK. Parameters included manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), CDVA, pachymetry and higher-order aberrations (HOAs). The micro-keratome was reliable with reasonable predictability for SBK flap creation. Extra caution in handling the flaps to avoid flap striae or tears is advised. Flap thickness correlated positively with preoperative pachymetry; however, the variation in flap thickness did not affect visual outcomes.

Biography:

Ashraf Armia Balamoun has completed his MD from Cairo University of Egypt. He has completed his Master degree in Ophthalmology from Cairo University of Egypt and his FRCS in Ophthalmology from Glasgow, UK. He is a Consultant Eye Surgeon at Al Watany Eye Hospital in Egypt, a Shareholder and a Member of the Board of training program at the same hospital. He has participated in various international conferences.

Abstract:

Case one:

• Male patient 15 years old.
• History of RT. eye blunt trauma since 7 years.
• He developed severe ocular inflammation following the trauma ending by formation of white patchy membrane on the iris and the anterior surface of the lens with 2 points of PAS.
• Complicated white cataract developed.
• Vision is HM GP GMF.
• IOP was 16 mmHg.
• Retina was in place by Ultrasound.
• Post surgey vision improved till 6/60.

Case two:

• Male patient 22 years old.
• History of blunt trauma and with traumatic cataract since 2 years.
• He did cataract and implantation of a three pieces posterior chamber IOL and YAG laser posterior capsoulotomy was done.
• He came after two years asking for better vision and we found that he had a wrong calculated IOL.
• Surprisingly,we found that he need a piggy bag IOL with – 16 D.
• We did not found this power and we thought to use an ICL as a piggy bag solution.
• Post surgery vision improved till 6/24.

Biography:

Khushnooda Ramzan, PhD in molecular biology works as Scientist in the Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. She got her PhD from Punjab University, Pakistan. During her PhD she mapped new loci for hearing loss by whole genome wide scan, which was a first step towards the later identification of a novel gene in the mapped families. Later, she joined department of genetics, KFSH&RC, Riyadh as postdoc and continued working on the genetics of hearing loss in Saudi families. This led her to an unusual finding that the most common gene GJB2 responsible of hearing loss worldwide does not play a significant role in their population. Her research focus was then focused to investigate the role of other genes and to identify the novel loci/genes within the Saudi Population. She has characterized and documented genetic basis of autosomal recessive deafness in more than 150 families of Saudi Arabian origin; their incidence and distribution were also documented.

Abstract:

Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders in humans with both genetic and environmental etiologies. Genetic causes of hearing loss are extremely heterogeneous and the autosomal recessive inheritance accounts for a substantial part of this disorder. The Usher (USH) syndrome is characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). It is the most common form of inherited deaf-blindness with a prevalence of ~ 1/6,000. Three clinical subtypes (USH1-USH3) are defined according to the severity of the hearing impairment, the presence or absence of vestibular dysfunction and the age of onset of RP. So far, ten causative genes have been identified underlying different subtypes of the USH syndrome. Consanguineous families are a powerful resource for genetic linkage studies/homozygosity mapping for recessively inherited disorders. Our study aims to comprehensively delineate the genetic basis and occurrence of USH gene mutations in clinically diagnosed Saudi patients. Whole Genome SNP genotyping coupled with targeted sequencing of the candidate gene was utilized. Our results indicate that in the Saudi Arabian population, MYO7A is the most common gene for USH syndrome. Mutant alleles in other genes (PCDH15, CDH23, USH1C, USH1G, and USH2A) were also identified that provided insight in the molecular basis of USH syndrome in this population. The benefit of this study will hopefully provide the foundation for knowledge and awareness through screening of carrier status, genetic counseling; premarital screening, prenatal and PDG opportunities for multiple family members thereby have a major impact upon early intervention and prevention of hereditary hearing loss.

Biography:

Daniya Alturkistani is an ambitious and a hard working student. During her collage years, she participated in many research activities. She was the Head of The Scientific Committee of Medical Students Research Club. She is keen on public presentations and gave many lectures and presentations to junior students.

Abstract:

Objective: The objective was to find the usefulness in predicting the visual outcome in patients who are undergoing cataract surgery by using a convenient and standard instrument.

Patients & Methods: This retrospective cohort study was done using Heine lambda 100 retinometer to find the usefulness in predicting the visual outcome at the Eye Center in King Abdulla Medical City, Makkah, KSA.

Results: It is highly specific in the prediction of postoperative visual acuity (VA) (93.5%). It has higher accuracy 87.5%, sensitivity 86% and specificity 100% in mild cataract than denser one.

Conclusion: The Heine lambda 100 retinometer appears to be a clinically useful device to use in patients with comorbid eye condition such as Amblyopia, macular degeneration and a corneal disease in predicting the visual outcome.

Biography:

Hadeel Seraj is currently a Medical student at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. She has obtained an Academic Excellence Certificate from the dean of the Faculty of Medicine at KAU for two years. She was honored with the Superior Certificate from the deanship of student affairs at KAU. She is a Class Scientific Committee Leader and an organizer of many medical events. She is a volunteer in mobile clinic project in historical Jeddah and a volunteer with Red Crescent Authority in Almasjed Alharam, Makkah. She has participated in the Saudi Diabetic Awareness Campaign and is a volunteer in ER triage Assistance shifts and Patients’ Visits project at KAU Hospital. She is a participant of Health Promotion Unit of The Fifth Youth in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Contact lenses (CLs) have been prescribed since more than a century for correction of refractive errors, cosmetic purposes and for therapeutic modality. However, complications can occur if users fail to take necessary hygienic precautions.

Objectives: To determine prevalence, cause of use, habits, awareness about CL hygiene and its complications among medical students at King Abdulaziz University (KAU).

Method: A cross-sectional study was done and a multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to select 538 medical students. They completed a self-administered, validated, and confidential questionnaire contained questions about CL use, hygienic practices, and their complications. Both descriptive and analytic statistics were done.

Results: The prevalence of CL use among participants was 40.3% (13.3% and 56.2% among males and females, respectively). Second year students had the highest prevalence of CL usage. Cosmetic purpose was the commonest reason of use. It was found that 30.4% of students renew their lenses annually and only 16.6% of students clean their CL daily. A high prevalence of both conjunctivitis (18.9%) and acute red eye (19.8%) were documented and other complications occur but less frequently.

Conclusion & Significance: A high prevalence (40.3%) of CL use was prevailed among medical students. Female had significantly much higher prevalence of wearing contact lenses compared to males. The commonest cause of wearing CL was for cosmetic purpose. The second year medical students were the most interested group in CL wear. The predominance used types of CL are daily and monthly lenses. The respondents reported good knowledge but weak regarding CL related hygiene (cleaning hands prior application and changing case solution overnight). Acute red eye was the common complication (19.4%).

Recommendations: Providing sound, detailed educational messages for all CL consumers by ophthalmologist and at the dispensing shops about CL hygienic practices is required. Early treatment of complications is recommended.

Biography:

Suliman Al Teriqi has completed his MBBS from Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, School of Medicine. He is currently working as a Medical Intern.

Abstract:

Introduction and Objectives: Visual impairment is one of the most significant health concerns facing both the developed and developing countries as part of age related disabilities. Globally, number of affected people is growing from total of 161 million in 2004 to 285 million are suffering from visual impairment in 2010. Among these, total blindness constitute up to 39 million while the remainder are affected by different levels of Visual impairment. In Saudi Arabia a recent study showed 3.3% of the elderly are totally blind. Yet no study conducted in Saudi Arabia concerned with the prevalence of visual impairment in geriatric population. Our aim was to quantify the prevalence and to assess socio-demographic and medical factors associated with the risk of VI.

Methods: Data is part of Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health (SNSEH) which is a nationwide, representative, population-based cross-sectional survey of Saudi older adults 60 years of age or older. Using complex sampling methods 2946 individuals were recruited from 88 clusters in the study. The sampling weight was used in adjusting the prevalence calculations. During household visit visual acuity was measured for each participant with recording the information about socioeconomic and medical characteristics for each one. We defined visual impairment into normal or visually impaired, which include mild, moderate and sever. Logistic regression model was developed to assess the risk factors for VI.

Results: Of 2946 participants in the study 1190 (40.4%) were visually impaired. Females represent 632 (43.3) and males 558 (37.6) of the visually impaired individuals. According to the ICD-10 visual impairment definition, moderate VI was the predominant level with 36.5%, sever VI with 2.7%, legal blindness with 1.2 and the reminder 59.6% classified as mild or no visual impairment. Of those who reported normal vision 21% were found to be visually impaired. After adjusting for possible confounders significant risk factors of VI were age, gender, monthly income, educational level, depression, diabetes mellitus, history of stork and use of glasses.

Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment is high and affecting large number of older Saudi population. Several socioeconomic and medical factors have shown to increase the risk of VI significantly. National programs should be developed to promote vision health and prevent VI. Visual assessment should be part of older adult assessment for early detection of VI and enhancement of the quality of life.

Biography:

Gloria George has completed her MBBS from Calicut University, Kerala, India and is presently pursuing her Post-graduation in Ophthalmology at Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University.

Abstract:

To aim of the study was to assess the central corneal thickness and its implications over a cross section of a normal population in India based on the race, age, sex and intraocular pressure. The CCT of 300 eyes of 150 normal patients of different age groups, attending the OPD were measured with anterior segment OCT. IOP was measured using Goldmann Applanation Tonometry. The CCT was then compared with the patient's age, sex and IOP and its significance calculated. The central corneal thickness was seen to vary with various epidemiological parameters in a normal Indian population. The mean CCT was found to be 532.62 microns (±21.71). Males were found to have significantly thicker corneas (540.3±22.7) than females (524.6±17.3) and the average CCT decreased significantly with increasing age. The 16-30 age group had the highest mean CCT of 543.2 and the 61-75 age group had the lowest mean CCT of 515.6, the difference of which was significant (p<0.05). It was also found that in normal subjects who had thicker corneas, IOP was found to be higher with 0.4 mm of Hg increase in IOP for every 10 micron increase in CCT. The implications of these differences are tremendous in the increasing era of refractive surgeries as well as in the diagnosis of glaucoma. The variations in CCT based on various epidemiological parameters have been scarcely studied over an Indian population which could provide valuable information regarding the natural progression of physiological changes in the cornea.

Biography:

Almaha Saleh Almutlaq is currently doing Internship at ​ King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa. She has graduated from King Faisal University College of Medicine.

Abstract:

Purpose: Presbyopia among middle age adults especially females can result in potential loss of productivity if not corrected. Owing to the physical and social problems related to eye disease, the purpose of this research is to establish the link between poor eye health and mental health and determine the contributory factors associated with the early onset of presbyopia.

Methods: The research involves 28 female participants with 14 control and 14 with early presbyopia. Participants will be given distance refraction with monocular and binocular visual acuities. One percent of cyclopentolate will be administered to participants between the ages of 30 to 42 years. Participants with any systematic ocular pathology's or anisometropia will be excluded from the study. Important variables of the study to be measured include age, education, income or career, vision variables like vision loss, time of onset. Other important variables include adaptation to vision loss, symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Results: The study findings are expected to generate evidence stating that 50% of females develop presbyopia at an early age and contributory factors like anemia, HTM, Hypothyroidism, and DM. The study results are expected to highlight the severity of depression and anxiety among the different control groups. The study is expected to determine the onset of presbyopia errors among females and the role of increased visual tasks. The data collected from the study needs to prove why females with optometric require their first reading treatment at an early age compared to males.

Conclusion: Study findings prove that vision loss is not only linked to depression but can increase anxiety among female patients diagnosed with presbyopia.

Biography:

Zain Irfan Khatib is a currently a Postgraduate student in Ophthalmology working at Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences. He has presented papers, posters and videos in various state and national level conferences in ophthalmology.

Abstract:

Smartphones, with their ever increasing popularity and the rapid advances in technology have made their way into ophthalmology as imaging devices for both anterior and posterior segment. Smartphone photography, by using various slit lamp adapters has already become quite popular in capturing anterior segment eye photographs. This presentation highlights the methods of using a smartphone for posterior segment photography. This is based on the principle of smartphone indirect ophthalmoscopy, where the flashlight of the phone is used as a coaxial light source to illuminate the patient's retina through a condensing lens (20 D), which can be visualized digitally and captured by the phone camera. This technique has been gaining popularity due to its rapidity and cost effectiveness in contrast to commercially available fundus cameras. However, the images obtained by the above method are not of a very good quality, and it is a difficult technique to master with a long learning curve. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a simple and cost effective adapter can be made, which can maximize the potential of smartphones to obtain better quality images. This presentation describes the evolution of smartphone ophthalmoscopy, right from its inception and shows how small modifications and newer technologies have helped in improving the outcome of this technique.

Biography:

Kumar Sambhav underwent his basic medical education (MBBS) from J.N. Medical College, Aligarh and Diploma in Ophthalmology from Institute of Ophthalmology, JNMCH, Aligarh. He pursued his higher education, Diplomate in National Board (Ophthalmology) from Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Medical Trust, Coimbatore. He has spent a year in Sankara Eye Care Hospital, Coimbatore undergoing training in Medical Retina. He has many publications in various peer reviewed national and international journals.

Abstract:

The primary phaco incision is one of the most critical steps of cataract surgery because it not only significantly influences the fluidic balance during surgery but is also important at the end of surgery where corneal stromal hydration ensures watertight closure of the incision. A poorly sealed incision can allow infectious agents from the ocular surface to enter into the eye, leading to increase the risk of complications such as endophthalmitis. Here, we will demonstrate a new method of constructing the primary Phaco-incision which ensures an easy way of good wound closure at the end of surgery. In this technique, firstly an incision in made in superficial corneal layer without entering into the AC at the planned site of primary Phaco-incision. The length of incision should be kept at around 0.75 cm. Thereafter, primary phaco wound is constructed at a deeper plane to the initial incision and the phacoemulsification is done. At the end of surgery, the superficial would is hydrated without touching the main deeper wound. A layer of uniform whiteness due to corneal hydration will be seen which ensures good wound closure. The corneal phaco incision is more than an access point for completing the cataract surgery. A good surgical technique is important to avoid stressing the incision. The surgeon should avoid heating the incision and defer from grabbing the roof of the incision with a toothed forceps. The good wound opposition acts as a barrier for entry of infectious agents. This technique is very impressive in the sense of good stromal hydration and watertight wound closure.